Final answer:
Differential Association Theory by Edwin Sutherland has been criticized for not explaining the origin of criminal behavior, lacking empirical evidence, overemphasizing social interactions, and potentially diminishing personal responsibility for criminal acts.
Step-by-step explanation:
Differential Association Theory, formulated by Edwin Sutherland, posits that deviant behavior is learned through social interactions, particularly with those we are close to. Despite its influence in the field of criminology, the theory has faced several criticisms. First, the theory does not account for the origin of criminal behavior - it explains how behavior is transmitted but not how it originated. Second, it lacks empirical evidence as it is difficult to quantify the intensity or duration of associations needed for deviant behavior to be learned. Third, the theory overemphasizes the role of social interactions and does not adequately consider individual factors, such as personality differences and biological predispositions towards crime.
Another criticism revolves around the idea of free will and personal responsibility. Since Differential Association Theory suggests that behavior is learned from social groups, it could be argued that it diminishes an individual's accountability for their actions, leading to ethical implications in the justice system.