Final answer:
Bartholomew and Horowitz expand upon attachment theory, classifying avoidant attachments into two subgroups: dismissive-avoidant and fearful-avoidant, which reflect diverse adaptations to early caregiving experiences.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bartholomew and Horowitz have elaborated on attachment theory and identified that individuals with an avoidant attachment style can be further divided into two subgroups: dismissive-avoidant and fearful-avoidant. People with the dismissive-avoidant attachment style are typically self-reliant and deny the importance of close relationships, often considering themselves as independent and not needing intimacy. In contrast, those with the fearful-avoidant attachment pattern desire close relationships but are hesitant to become close to others due to fear of being hurt. These subgroup classifications help in understanding the complexities of adult relationships and attachment behaviors, reflecting the varying adaptations to early caregiving experiences.