Final answer:
In the 19th century, Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution based on natural selection and survival of the fittest. This theory explains how traits that aid in survival and reproduction become more common in a population over time.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the 19th century, biologist Charles Darwin developed a theory of evolution based on the idea of "natural selection". Only those plants and animals that are best able to adapt to their environment are able to survive. This concept, known as "survival of the fittest", applies to the biological world.
Darwin's theory of natural selection explains how traits that aid in survival and reproduction become more common in a population over time.