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When an individual grows up with core beliefs such as "The world is a dangerous and painful place; People will hurt me; I am unlovable!", that individual may very likely develop _____________.

1) pessimistic thought patterns, negative emotional patterns, and passive behavior patterns
2) defensive thought patterns, defensive emotional patterns, and defensive behavior patterns

1 Answer

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Final answer:

An individual with core beliefs centered on the world being dangerous and themselves being unlovable may develop pessimistic, negative, and passive patterns, such as defensive thought, emotional, and behavior patterns, which correspond to learned helplessness and Horney's theories on coping with basic anxiety.

Step-by-step explanation:

When an individual grows up with core beliefs such as "The world is a dangerous and painful place; People will hurt me; I am unlovable!", that individual may very likely develop pessimistic thought patterns, negative emotional patterns, and passive behavior patterns. These patterns are linked to the concept of learned helplessness, as described by Seligman, where individuals believe they lack control over the negative events in their life, potentially leading to depression and a lack of initiative to change their situation. Also, Karen Horney's theories on coping with basic anxiety support this, as individuals may cope by adopting strategies of moving towards, against, or away from people, typically resulting in dependency, aggression, or detachment, respectively. Therefore, the core beliefs outlined suggest a likelihood towards defensive thought patterns, potentially defensive emotional patterns, and defensive behavior patterns.

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