Final answer:
Water hardness testing involves observing clarity, examining under microscope, testing pH, and filtering. Molar concentration of Ca²+ ions can be calculated using the molar mass of CaCO3 and the equation C = (m/M)/V.
Step-by-step explanation:
Water hardness testing can be performed using various methods depending on the purpose and context. Some common steps involved in water hardness testing include observing the clarity of the water, examining it under a microscope, testing its pH, and filtering it through filter paper.
For example, in a laboratory setting, a student may collect a water sample in a clear bottle and observe its clarity by holding it up to the light. They may also conduct tests such as measuring the temperature of the water and testing its pH using pH test strips. Additionally, they may use specialized chemicals and tests to determine the presence of specific ions, such as chloride, sulphate, carbonate, bromide, and iodide.
The molar concentration of Ca²+ ions in a water sample with a hardness count of 175 mg CaCO3/L can be calculated using the molar mass of CaCO3 and the equation C = (m/M)/V, where C is the molar concentration, m is the mass of CaCO3, M is the molar mass of CaCO3, and V is the volume of water in liters.