Final answer:
Children become aware of gender roles as early as ages two or three, and by four or five, they usually adopt culturally appropriate gender roles. Awareness of racial identity and sexual orientation typically emerges between middle childhood and early adolescence, but this varies widely among individuals.
Step-by-step explanation:
Children become aware of racial and sexual differences at a young age. Cross-cultural studies have shown that children can discern gender roles as early as age two or three, and by the age of four or five, they are often firmly entrenched in these roles. Societal norms and socialization play a significant role in this early awareness. As children grow older, typically between middle childhood and early adolescence, they start to become aware of their sexual orientation, even without engaging in sexual activities. This awareness can begin as emotions, romantic inclinations, and physical attractions. The timeline for recognizing racial identity and sexual orientation can vary widely among individuals.