Question

Who are the pioneers in temperament research and how do they categorize babies?

1) Thomas, Chess, and Birch categorize babies as 'easy', 'slow to warm', and difficult.
2) Lally and his colleagues in the WestEd Program for Infant-Toddler Care-givers renamed the categories as 'Fearful', 'Flexible', and 'Feisty'.
3) Their work helps today's parents and caregivers understand how temperament affects behavior and shapes personality.
4) None of the above

Answer 1

Temperament research pioneers Thomas, Chess, and Birch categorize babies as 'easy', 'difficult', or 'slow to warm up', while Lally and colleagues later renamed these categories as 'Fearful', 'Flexible', and 'Feisty'.

Step-by-step explanation:

The pioneers in temperament research, Alexander Thomas, Stella Chess, and Herbert Birch, proposed that babies could be categorized into one of three primary temperaments: 'easy', 'difficult', or 'slow to warm up'. Later, researchers such as Lally and colleagues from the WestEd Program for Infant-Toddler Caregivers expanded on this work and renamed these categories as 'Fearful', 'Flexible', and 'Feisty'. The studies of Thomas, Chess, and Birch, and subsequent research, aid parents and caregivers in understanding how a child's innate temperament can influence their behavior and potentially shape their personality as they grow.