Final answer:
The statement that personal expenditures are disallowed as deductions in taxable income is true. The colonists objected to British tax use without consent, making the related statement true. The other questions related to government spending and revenue sources illustrate the complexities of fiscal policy.
Step-by-step explanation:
As a general rule, personal expenditures are indeed disallowed as deductions when calculating taxable income. The statement is true. The tax code primarily allows for deductions and tax credits that pertain to business expenses, certain personal expenses that are specifically allowed by law (such as mortgage interest and charitable contributions), and other items that the tax code explicitly provides for.
The question pertaining to the attitudes of the colonists toward taxation is also historically significant. The colonists fundamentally objected to the British government's use of the tax revenues without their consent and lack of representation, rather than the principle of taxation itself. Thus, the phrase "No taxation without representation" became a rallying cry. This statement is true.
The questions related to federal spending, government control, and allocation of budget in various sectors provide insight into the financial operations of the U.S government. These questions lead to discussions on the substantial growth of federal spending over years, the comparative size of the U.S. government's economic control internationally, the primary sources of government revenue, and the proportion of spending in areas like education, defense, and foreign aid. The details provided in the subsequent answers depict a complex picture of fiscal evolution over time, with each statement needing to be evaluated carefully against the actual data and historical context.