Final answer:
The sentence should be completed as 'The process continues, and a polypeptide chain of amino acids is formed until the ribosome reaches the stop codon on the mRNA'. Translation involves the ribosome synthesizing a polypeptide based on the sequence of codons in mRNA, starting with the initiation codon AUG and ending with a stop codon.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process you are asking about is known as protein synthesis, or more specifically, the translation process in biology. The sentence should be completed as follows: The process continues, and a polypeptide chain of amino acids is formed until the ribosome reaches the stop codon on the mRNA (usually UAA, UAG, or UGA).
In the translation process, initiation occurs when the ribosome binds to mRNA at the start codon, which is always AUG that codes for methionine. Then elongation takes place, where the ribosome reads the codons on mRNA in triplets and tRNA brings corresponding amino acids to form a growing polypeptide chain. This elongation step continues to repeat until a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is reached, which signals termination of the polypeptide synthesis.