Final answer:
The process of creating an electrochemical gradient by the electron transport chain to drive ATP production is known as chemiosmosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process by which the electron transport chain generates the electrochemical gradient that drives ATP production in the mitochondrion is known as chemiosmosis. During this process, hydrogen ions (H+) are pumped across the mitochondrial membrane by electron transport chain complexes, which creates a high concentration of hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space. This electrochemical gradient then drives hydrogen ions back across the membrane through ATP synthase, which facilitates the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.