Final answer:
The restraining forces for specialty certification in professional nursing are cost and lack of recognition. Increased collaboration with other healthcare providers and increased retention are not considered restraining forces.
Step-by-step explanation:
The restraining forces for specialty certification in professional nursing include factors such as cost and lack of recognition. The cost of certification can be a significant hurdle for nurses, as it includes fees for study materials, examination, and potential loss of income if time off work is required to prepare for the exam. Moreover, the lack of recognition from employers or the industry can reduce the perceived value of such certifications, making nurses less inclined to pursue them.
Increased collaboration with other healthcare providers is not a restraining force; rather, it could actually encourage certification by valuing multi-disciplinary approaches. Hence, increased retention is similarly not a restraining force, as retaining qualified staff is generally seen as a positive outcome of specialty certifications.