Final answer:
Carolus Linnaeus is the biologist who established the binomial nomenclature, a universal two-part naming system for species consisting of a capitalized genus name and a lowercase species name, both italicized.
Step-by-step explanation:
The renowned biologist who standardized the two-part naming system we use today is Carolus Linnaeus. He developed the binomial nomenclature, which assigns each species a two-part Latin name. This system consists of the genus name, which is capitalized, and the specific epithet or species name, which is lowercase. When printed, both names are set in italics. This approach to naming allows for a universally recognized identifier for each species, ensuring clear communication among scientists across the globe, exemplified by names such as Homo sapiens for humans and Cyanocitta cristata for the North American blue jay.
Linnaeus's system classified organisms based on shared physical traits, and its universal scope meant species could be related to each other, aiding in the organization and understanding of biodiversity. His work was so foundational that he is referred to as the "father of taxonomy."