Final answer:
A bill proposed in Congress that grants citizenship to a specifically named individual is known as a private bill. While broader immigration issues are heavily debated and addressed through general legislation, private bills are specific to individual cases and are a rarity in U.S. immigration policy.
Step-by-step explanation:
A bill proposed in Congress that grants citizenship to a specifically named individual from a foreign country would be an example of a private bill. Private bills are not common and typically provide citizenship in exceptional circumstances, often when all other avenues of naturalization are unavailable or when there may be compelling humanitarian reasons. Unlike broad immigration policies such as the debated "DREAM Act" or measures dealing with undocumented immigrants and border security, private bills target individual cases.
It is important to note that immigration and naturalization are powers expressly granted to the federal government, as mentioned in Section 8 Clause 4 of the U.S. Constitution. While states such as Arizona and Texas have attempted to pass their own immigration policies, the federal government retains the ultimate authority concerning these matters, as the Constitution states.
Throughout U.S. history, legislation like the Naturalization Act of 1790 and modern reforms aimed at addressing the status of undocumented immigrants have shaped the national conversation on immigration. However, it is the role of Congress to ensure that these laws adhere to constitutional guidelines and effectively manage immigration and naturalization processes for the nation.