Final answer:
The storage internal to the CPU provided for quick access to frequently used data is called the cache (option b). It is faster but smaller than RAM, hard disks, or SSDs, and it improves the performance of a computer by reducing the wait time for data transfers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The storage internal to the CPU is known as the cache. Among the options provided, the correct answer is b. Cache. The cache is a smaller, faster type of volatile memory located on the CPU chip itself. It is used to temporarily hold instructions and data that the CPU is likely to reuse, for the purpose of speeding up access to this information compared to fetching it from larger, slower memory like RAM (Random Access Memory), a hard disk, or an SSD (Solid State Drive). The cache plays a critical role in the performance of a computer as it allows for quick access to frequently used data, reducing the time the CPU needs to wait for transfers from main memory.