Final Answer:
The primary occupational health hazard regarding transmission of bloodborne pathogens is b. hepatitis B. So, option B is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bloodborne pathogens pose a significant occupational health risk, and among the options provided, hepatitis B (HBV) is considered the primary infectious agent of concern. Hepatitis B is highly contagious and is transmitted through contact with infected blood or other body fluids. Occupational exposure to blood and bodily fluids is common in healthcare settings, making healthcare workers particularly susceptible to bloodborne infections.
The prevalence of hepatitis B in the general population and its ability to cause chronic infections underscore its significance as an occupational health hazard. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 257 million people were living with chronic hepatitis B infection globally in 2019.
Healthcare workers face an increased risk of exposure due to the nature of their work, handling blood and performing invasive procedures. Vaccination against hepatitis B is a crucial preventive measure for healthcare professionals, as it significantly reduces the risk of infection.
In conclusion, while other infectious agents listed may pose occupational health risks, hepatitis B stands out as the primary concern due to its prevalence, the severity of consequences, and the nature of transmission. Proper education, training, and adherence to infection control practices, along with vaccination, are essential in minimizing the risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens, with a particular emphasis on hepatitis B.