Final answer:
The example of sensorineural hearing loss is d. Presbycusis. It is a type of hearing loss that typically occurs due to aging, where the transmission of auditory nerve impulses to the brain is impaired. Presbycusis stands in contrast to conductive hearing loss, which involves problems in the outer or middle ear.
Step-by-step explanation:
The example of sensorineural hearing loss from the choices provided is d. Presbycusis. Sensorineural hearing loss involves a failure of the transmission of auditory nerve impulses to the brain. This can be caused by aging, head trauma, infections, exposure to loud noise, and other factors. Presbycusis is a type of sensorineural hearing loss that occurs as a natural part of the aging process.
On the other hand, options a, b, and c are associated with conductive hearing loss: a. Perforation of the tympanic membrane, b. Otosclerosis, and c. Cholesteatoma involve the outer or middle ear, affecting the transmission of sound to the cochlea, rather than the inner ear or nerve pathways. Hearing aids may be effective for treating sensorineural hearing loss in some cases, although they cannot repair the underlying damage to the auditory nerve or the structures within the cochlea. More severe sensorineural hearing loss may warrant the use of a cochlear implant.