Final answer:
The correct formula for calculating a percent (w/v) solution is 'grams of solute/volume of solvent x 100'. It is used to find the weight/volume percent concentration of a solute in a solvent, especially in chemistry and medicine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The formula for calculating a percent (w/v) solution, which stands for weight/volume percent, is:
(a) grams of solute/volume of solvent × 100
This means you take the mass of the solute in grams and divide it by the volume of the solvent in milliliters, then multiply the result by 100 to convert it into a percentage. The (w/v) percentage is commonly used for solutions in the field of chemistry and medicine, particularly for intravenous (IV) fluids.
Here is a practical example to illustrate this: suppose you want to prepare a saline solution and need to calculate the concentration. If you dissolve 5 grams of salt (NaCl) in enough water to make 100 milliliters of solution, the percent (w/v) would be calculated as follows:
(5 grams of NaCl / 100 mL of water) × 100 = 5%
The result indicates that the saline solution has a 5% (w/v) concentration of salt.