Final answer:
Parents who explain the reasons behind their rules using language children can understand apply an inductive approach, closely aligning with authoritative parenting, which is associated with positive outcomes in children.
Step-by-step explanation:
Parents who give reasons for the rules they set in ways their children can understand are using the inductive disciplinary approach. This method is tied closely to the authoritative parenting style, which involves the careful delivery of guidance combined with attention to the child's perspective. Authoritative parenting is often associated with positive childhood outcomes, including high self-esteem and social competence.
In contrast, authoritarian parenting relies more on power assertion and strict adherence to rules, which can result in anxious or withdrawn children. Permissive parenting is marked by a lack of discipline and structure, potentially leading to children who lack self-discipline. The uninvolved parenting style is characterized by a lack of responsiveness to child's needs and can result in emotional withdrawal and increased risk of negative behaviors.