Final answer:
The English East India Company's expansion led to British dominance in India, restructuring its society, economy, and international trade relations. While it brought about infrastructure and social reforms, it also resulted in exploitation and resistance, ultimately leading to British colonial control.
Step-by-step explanation:
An important long-term effect of the creation and expansion of the English East India Company was the establishment of British economic and political dominance in India, which had far-reaching impacts on Indian society and the structure of global trade. Initially, the company focused on trading spices and later textiles and opium, significantly benefitting the British economy. Its influence grew, leading to the establishment of a centralized administrative government, introduction of the English language, and implementation of British policies, laws, and education in India. Over time, the company utilized private armies and became the principal ruler of India until the British government took full control.
The company's pursuit of profit led to the exploitation and taxation of the local population, and control through military force. Despite improvements to infrastructure, social reforms, and economic growth for some Indian officials, the company's practices ultimately resulted in social upheaval, including the use of sepoys and disrespect for local religious beliefs. This would contribute to events like the Sepoy Rebellion, highlighting the negative impact of British control on Indian society.
Moreover, the monopolization of trade by the company led to conflict and eventual dominance over rivals such as the Dutch, and control of trade routes in Southeast and Eastern Asia. The company's trade with China in opium for tea was another example of its significant influence over international trade.