Final answer:
Presidential powers are demonstrated through legislative, judicial, military, and diplomatic actions, such as vetoing legislation, appointing justices, being the commander-in-chief, and conducting foreign diplomacy. The legislative branch has checks over the courts, and legitimacy is the highest form of political power. George Washington expanded presidential power by appointing advisors from federal departments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The powers of the President of the United States can be categorized into various spheres of influence. Here are some examples matched to the type of presidential power they demonstrate:
- a) Vetoing legislation - This is an example of legislative powers where the President can reject bills passed by Congress.
- b) Appointing Supreme Court justices - This showcases the President's judicial powers, involving nominating judges to the federal judiciary, subject to Senate confirmation.
- c) Commander-in-chief authority - This is a demonstration of the President's military powers; as commander-in-chief, the President can direct military operations.
- d) Conducting foreign diplomacy - Represents the President's diplomatic powers, including making executive agreements with foreign governments without the need for Senate approval.
For example, executive agreements such as those during the Vietnam War or NAFTA show the President's ability to engage with foreign entities directly. However, these actions can be challenged in court or through legislation.
Regarding the checks and balances system, the legislative branch has several checks over the courts, such as requiring Senate approval for appointing justices, the ability to rewrite laws, and controlling funding for implementations of court decisions (d) all of the above).
The highest form of political power is not a single figure like the President, but rather a concept known as legitimacy, which reflects the rightful use of power accepted by the public. The President does indeed play a crucial role, but their power comes from the constitution, legislation, and the consent of the governed.
George Washington expanded presidential power through actions like appointing heads of federal departments as his advisors (b), which set a precedent for an involved executive role in governance.