Final answer:
The primary background of Likert's OD model is human resource management, while organizational psychology specifically addresses job satisfaction in the I-O psychology field. Modernization theory's primary driver is industrialization, and organizational institutions examine the mediating factors between humans and their environments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary background of Likert's Organization Development (OD) model is human resource management. This framework is centered on improving communication, decision-making, and the handling of change within an organization, emphasizing the human aspect of business operations. Conversely, the area of I-O psychology that measures job satisfaction falls within organizational psychology, which is focused on employee relationships and organizational culture. This contrasts with industrial psychology which concentrates on hiring and employee maintenance. Management and organizational structure, as proposed by figures such as Douglas McGregor, also delve into the dynamics between management styles (Theory X and Theory Y) and their impact on productivity and employee well-being within an organization.
When we consider the question in the domain of modernization theory, the primary driver is identified as industrialization, which serves as the foundational change leading to the modernization of societies. Moreover, in the broader context of organizational institutions, factors that mediate the relationship between human beings and their environments are considered vital, particularly in terms of the implications they hold for conservation efforts.