Final answer:
Charles Finney was an abolitionist and a religious revivalist who played a key role in the Second Great Awakening and advocated for the immediate end to slavery.
Step-by-step explanation:
Charles Finney was a significant figure during the Second Great Awakening. He is most accurately described as an abolitionist and a religious revivalist. As a Presbyterian minister active in the 1830s, he focused on leading revival meetings and advocated moral reforms. He became well-known for his work in New York, particularly in Rochester. Finney was a part of a broader movement among evangelicals during the antebellum period, which included an influential group of abolitionists who pushed for the immediate end to slavery through moral suasion and believed in the transformative power of individual salvation. While Finney did not invent any devices, nor was he a military strategist, his impact on American social and religious life was significant through his religious revivals and antislavery advocacy.