Final answer:
Territorial autonomy is an implication of sovereignty for modern states, asserting a state's ultimate authority over its territory and independence in governance. While sovereignty underpins international law and mutual recognition among states, it also contributes to the challenges of an anarchical international system that can lead to conflict.
Step-by-step explanation:
An implication of sovereignty for modern states is d. Territorial autonomy. Sovereignty implies that a state has supreme power and authority over its territory and population, independent of external entities. This includes the right to govern itself, make laws, formulate policies, control borders, and manage its affairs without interference from other states. International law rests on the principle of state sovereignty, which also means that states should not interfere in each other's domestic affairs, upholding the rule that all states have a right to self-determination. However, sovereignty can create challenges in an anarchical international system, where states must rely on themselves for security and welfare, leading to a constant potential for conflict.
Moreover, when a state recognizes another state's sovereignty, it is acknowledging their status and right to operate as an independent entity within the international community. Yet, the concept of stateless nations reveals the limitations of this principle, as these groups often suffer due to the lack of sovereign recognition, which prevents full participation in global governance and can lead to marginalization.