Final answer:
Without specific story context, we cannot determine if the 'fat lady' is actually in the elevator story or is made up. In physics, hats can come off in an abruptly stopping elevator due to inertia, and weight appears to be zero in a scale in free-falling elevators. Literary analysis is required to deduce characters' 'masks' or hidden identities in stories.
Step-by-step explanation:
Regarding the question if the fat lady is actually in the story the elevator or if she is made up, it depends largely on the context provided by the specific story in question. Without additional information, Option 3: Cannot be determined from the given information, would be the appropriate choice. However, if we are discussing the general physical phenomena represented in related scenarios within the realm of physics, we can offer explanations.
For the question about the hat coming off an elevator passenger when the elevator rapidly stops: When an elevator suddenly stops, the passenger and their hat would tend to continue moving upward due to inertia, a principle described by Newton's first law of motion. If the hat is loose-fitting, it could indeed come off the passenger's head without them being physically tethered to the floor. This is because the hat and the passenger's body are in motion, and upon the rapid deceleration of the elevator, the hat would continue to move upwards due to inertia until it is separated from the passenger's head.
In the scenario where a person is standing on a scale in a falling elevator, the scale would register an apparent weight of zero during free fall because both the scale and the individual are accelerating downward at the same rate due to gravity, effectively rendering the person weightless. This phenomenon is also in line with the concepts of gravity and inertial reference frames explained by physics principles.
When considering if characters are wearing 'masks' or veiling their identities, it is a question of literary analysis rather than physics, and a close reading of the narrative details would provide insight into the characters' true natures. Moreover, the reliability of the narrator in a story and their point of view can have significant implications for the interpretation of the described events and character motivations.