Final answer:
The Stanford Prison Experiment, chiefly an Analysis of Social Conformity, examined how role-playing and social norms influenced behavior in a simulated prison setting, with the key aspect being the random assignment of roles to the participants.
Step-by-step explanation:
Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment best defines Option 2: Analysis of Social Conformity. It was a study conducted by psychologist Philip Zimbardo to explore the psychological impact of perceived power and was intended to investigate how individuals conform to the roles of guards and prisoners when placed in a simulated prison environment. The experiment is a classic example of role-playing, social norms, and scripts affecting human behavior. Guards and prisoners quickly adopted their given roles leading to abusive and submissive behaviors respectively. Importantly, participants were randomly assigned to their roles to ensure that personal characteristics did not influence the study's outcome, highlighting the power of situational factors over individual personality.