Final answer:
An organism's traits are determined by inherited genes, following the principles set by the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance. This theory, supported by key observations, explains how genetic variation and inheritance patterns occur through DNA and RNA during cell division processes like mitosis or meiosis. Understanding this is crucial for discussing related ethical, social, or medical issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
Genetic Traits and Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
An organism's traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited genes. These genes are segments of DNA that carry the instructions for the production of proteins, which in turn determine the characteristics and functions of cells. During reproduction, genes are passed from parents to offspring, a process encapsulated by the chromosomal basis of inheritance proposed by Mendel.
The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance is supported by observations that demonstrate how chromosomes are carriers of genetic material. Through processes such as the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis plus fertilization, heritable information is passed to the next generation. This theory explains the pattern of passage of genes and the resulting genetic variation and inheritance patterns observed in organisms.
Role of DNA and RNA in Heredity
Both DNA and RNA play pivotal roles as sources of heritable information. DNA replication and potential chromosomal mutations during cell division contribute to genetic diversity, which is fundamental for the evolution of species. The understanding of such mechanisms is crucial when posing scientific questions related to ethical, social, or medical issues surrounding human genetic disorders.