Final answer:
Dyslexic readers struggle primarily due to deficits is option B) phonological processing, which leads to difficulty with sound-letter correspondence and fluent reading. This can lead to challenges with spelling and word recognition, differentiating it from issues related to language comprehension, fluency, or vision.
Step-by-step explanation:
Dyslexic Readers and Phonological Processing
When discussing dyslexic readers and their difficulties, it is important to note that their challenges with accurate, fluent word recognition are primarily attributed to deficits in phonological processing. Dyslexia is a learning disability characterized by problems with the neurological mechanisms responsible for processing sound, which can result in difficulties in understanding the sound-letter correspondence. These individuals may struggle with reading fluently, often mixing up or reversing letters within words and sentences. Moreover, children with dyslexia might find learning to read frustrating because the brain does not process letters and sound in an orderly manner, leading to issues with spelling and potentially a reliance on memorizing word shapes rather than truly reading.
These difficulties are a key indicator of dyslexia, rather than problems with language comprehension, fluency/naming speed, or vision. As such, it is vital that students with dyslexia receive appropriate support and interventions that address these specific phonological processing deficits.