Final answer:
Retrieval is the process of accessing information from long-term memory, which includes recall, recognition, and relearning. Explicit memory, a component of long-term memory, is consciously recalled information that comes in two forms: episodic memory for personal experiences and semantic memory for knowledge and concepts.
Step-by-step explanation:
Retrieval refers to the extent to which information is retrievable from long-term memory. There are three ways to retrieve information from long-term memory storage: recall, recognition, and relearning. Recall is the process of accessing information without cues, like in an essay test. Recognition, on the other hand, involves identifying previously learned information upon encountering it again, such as when taking a multiple-choice test. Relearning is the process by which it takes less time to learn information that we have learned before, even if we cannot currently recall it.
Our ability to retrieve information from long-term memory is essential for daily functioning, enabling us to perform everyday tasks and access important information. Explicit memory, part of long-term memory, includes things we consciously try to remember, such as facts and events known as declarative memory. This can be split into episodic memory, relating to our personal experiences, and semantic memory, which deals with concepts and language-based knowledge.