Final answer:
A centrifugal governor uses centrifugal force to regulate machine speed, which differs from a centrifuge that astronauts use for training. Astronauts experience centrifugal and centripetal forces simulating the accelerations of space travel.
Step-by-step explanation:
A gravity-controlled centrifugal governor comprises a system that regulates the speed of a machine by using the principle of centrifugal force.
However, the context provided relates to a large centrifuge used to train astronauts by exposing them to accelerations similar to those experienced during rocket launches and atmospheric reentries. In such a centrifuge, aspiring astronauts are subjected to significant centripetal accelerations, often quantified in multiples of Earth's gravitational acceleration, g.
When a centrifuge rotates, the inertial effect that would normally carry a person away from the center is counteracted by the centripetal force necessary for circular motion.
This is an essential aspect of astronaut training as they prepare for the rigors of space travel.