Final answer:
- Prejudice
- Categorization
- In-group favoritism
- Out-group derogation
Conversely, out-group derogation involves the negative perception and treatment of those outside one's own group, reinforcing biases and perpetuating stereotypes.
Explanation:
Stereotyping involves a sequence of steps: first, individuals categorize others into groups based on certain characteristics; then, they develop prejudiced attitudes towards these groups. This is often followed by favoritism towards their own group and derogation towards those perceived as outsiders or different. Categorization forms the basis for drawing conclusions about individuals based on group affiliation, leading to biased assumptions and attitudes.
Prejudice arises from these categorizations, shaping how individuals perceive and interact with different groups. In-group favoritism highlights the tendency to favor one's own group, often resulting in positive evaluations and preferences. Conversely, out-group derogation involves the negative perception and treatment of those outside one's own group, reinforcing biases and perpetuating stereotypes.