Final answer:
The Cannon-Bard theory postulates that emotions and physiological reactions occur simultaneously and independently, contrasting with theories that propose emotions follow physiological reactions or cognitive appraisal.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory of emotion that states that the emotion typically occurs before arousal and behavior is the Cannon-Bard theory. According to this theory, physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, yet independently. This contrasts with other theories like the James-Lange theory, which posits that physiological arousal precedes and triggers emotion, and the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory, which argues that physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal together produce an emotional experience. The Lazarus theory, or cognitive-mediational theory, suggests that appraisal precedes both emotional experience and physiological arousal.