Final answer:
The mission-effectiveness affordability trade space is an analytical framework used in systems engineering to balance priorities in complex systems, guiding decision-making on performance and affordability trade-offs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mission-effectiveness affordability trade space is a concept used in systems engineering to balance different priorities in the design and development of complex systems. The correct answer to the question the student posed is 'b) Analytical framework.' This framework acts as a tool to assess the trade-offs between different aspects like effectiveness, cost, and risk of various systems and components. The trade space allows for a structured approach to decision-making by evaluating how changes to one part of a system can impact the overall performance and affordability of the final product.