Final answer:
Policies that do not make substantive changes to the law or policy outcomes are known as symbolic policies. so, option b is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Policies that do not make any substantive changes to the law or policy outcomes are called symbolic policies. These types of policies may be enacted to demonstrate a government's concern or to address a public issue without making a tangible impact or change. They can be contrasted with transformative or revolutionary policies, which are designed to make significant changes to existing societal structures, or impactful policies, which have a strong effect on policy outcomes. Symbolic policies might be used for political reasons, to maintain the status quo, or as a response to public pressure without the intent to cause real change.
Policies that do not make any substantive changes to the law or policy outcomes are called Symbolic policies. These policies are often used to create the appearance of action or to fulfill a political agenda, but they do not result in significant changes. An example of a symbolic policy is when a government passes a law that has little practical effect but is meant to send a message to certain groups or gain public support.