Question

Multimodal biometrics, which of the following are valid levels at which data fusion can occur?

a) Sensor Level, Feature Level, Decision Level
b) Sensor Level, Decision Level, Application Level
c) Sensor Level, Feature Level, Application Level
d) Feature Level, Decision Level, Application Level

Answer 1

The valid levels at which data fusion can occur in multimodal biometrics are Sensor Level, Feature Level, and Decision Level.

Step-by-step explanation:

Multimodal biometrics refers to the fusion of multiple types of biometric data to enhance the accuracy and reliability of biometric systems. In the context of data fusion in multimodal biometrics, the valid levels at which fusion can occur are:

1. Sensor Level: This involves combining raw biometric data from different sensors, such as fingerprints and iris scans.
2. Feature Level: This involves extracting and combining specific features from the biometric data, such as ridge patterns in fingerprints and shape characteristics of the iris.
3. Decision Level: This involves combining the decisions made by multiple individual biometric systems to make a final decision.

Therefore, the correct answer is a) Sensor Level, Feature Level, Decision Level.