Final answer:
Latent learning is learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a situation requiring the latent knowledge or skill to be demonstrated.
Step-by-step explanation:
Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called latent learning. This type of learning is not immediately evident and only becomes observable when a situation calls for the information or skill that has been learned. For example, a child might learn how to navigate a route by observing their parent, but this knowledge would only be demonstrated when the child needs to navigate the route on their own. This contrasts with classical conditioning and operant conditioning, which are both forms of associative learning where associations are made between events that occur together, and with social learning, which involves learning by observing the behavior of others.