Final answer:
The RNA type involved in carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis is messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA serves as a template for protein synthesis, moving the genetic blueprints out of the nucleus to the ribosome.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of RNA primarily involved in carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis is messenger RNA (mRNA). Messenger RNA is crucial as it serves as a template for the synthesis of proteins by carrying the instructions from DNA out of the nucleus to the ribosome, where the protein synthesis occurs. This process is vital for the cellular function and is called transcription. Once in the cytoplasm, mRNA interacts with ribosomes and initiates the synthesis of a protein in a process known as translation.
While messenger RNA carries the genetic blueprint from the DNA to the ribosome, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) are also involved in protein synthesis but perform different roles. rRNA is part of the structure of ribosomes and plays a role in aligning mRNA and assembling protein molecules, while tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome to be added to the growing polypeptide chain.