Final answer:
An electromagnetic wave transports equal amounts of electric and magnetic energy. These waves are transverse in nature and do not require a medium to propagate. The wavelength of an electromagnetic wave is inversely proportional to its frequency, and as wavelength increases, energy decreases.
Step-by-step explanation:
Regarding the energy of an electromagnetic wave, option c) Transports equal amounts of electric and magnetic energy is true. An electromagnetic wave has both an electric field and a magnetic field, which oscillate perpendicularly to each other and to the direction of wave propagation. This means that the energy carried by the electric and magnetic components is balanced.
Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves (option b), which differ from longitudinal waves and mechanical waves, both of which require a medium to travel through. Unlike these waves, electromagnetic waves do not need a medium; they can travel through a vacuum (option a).
The fields that make up an electromagnetic wave are both an electric field and a magnetic field (option a). The transport of energy in electromagnetic waves, such as light, X-rays, or gamma rays, involves these fields. When discussing the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and energy, as wavelength increases, frequency decreases since they are inversely proportional, and hence the energy also decreases based on the formula E = hv where E is energy, h is Planck's constant, and v is the frequency (option e).
X-rays carry more energy than visible light due to their higher frequencies and shorter wavelengths (option d).