Final answer:
Labeling theory is a sociological theory that examines how members of society ascribe deviant behavior to others. It emphasizes that deviance is a social construct determined by the reactions and labels of others. This theory can have significant effects in educational settings, impacting a student's self-image and academic performance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Labeling theory is a sociological theory that examines how members of society ascribe deviant behavior to others. It suggests that what is considered deviant is determined by the reactions and labels of others, rather than the behavior itself. This theory emphasizes that deviance is a social construct that can vary over time and across cultures.
For example, if a student consistently receives low grades in a particular class, they may be labeled as a low achiever. This label can influence how both teachers and other students perceive the student and can have long-term effects on their self-image and academic performance.