Final answer:
The three outpouchings of the lower esophagus in ruminants are called the rumen, reticulum, and omasum, part of a multi-chambered digestive system that breaks down plant material.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ruminants have a complex digestive system designed to process large amounts of plant material, which animals typically find difficult to digest due to its cellulose content. The system includes several chambers to facilitate digestion, starting with outpouchings of the lower esophagus. These outpouchings are known as the rumen, reticulum, and omasum. The rumen and reticulum are the first two chambers where microbes digest cellulose and ferment ingested plant material. The omasum is the third chamber, which removes water from the digestate. The process continues into the abomasum, also known as the "true" stomach, where digestive enzymes further break down the food.
The correct answer to the question is c) Reticulum, Rumen, Omasum.