Final answer:
To become the head of an executive department of the federal government, Senate confirmation and Presidential appointment are required.
Step-by-step explanation:
To become the head of an executive department of the federal government, two requirements are necessary: a) Senate confirmation and b) Presidential appointment. Senate confirmation means that the nominee for the department head position needs to be approved by the Senate. Presidential appointment means that the President chooses and appoints the individual to the position. The other options listed, c) Majority vote by the public and d) Completion of a specialized degree, are not required to become the head of an executive department.