Final answer:
We cannot determine which box contains gold without further information; hence the answer is "Insufficient information to solve". To find which of two boxes, one filled with pebbles, is full, we apply an external force and the box that accelerates faster, being lighter, is empty.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question pertains to determining which of three boxes contains gold based on the position of the boxes (left, right, or middle). However, without additional information or a logical or statistical rule applied to the placement of the gold, we cannot accurately answer which box contains gold. This scenario is a classic example of a problem with insufficient information to make a decision. Therefore, the correct choice is d. Insufficient information to solve.
As for the second part of the question involving two similar boxes, one empty and the other filled with pebbles, you can distinguish which is full by applying an external force. Whichever box accelerates faster is the lighter one and thus must be empty. This application uses Newton's second law of motion, where the acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to its mass, when the same force is applied.
The boxes labeled "Big Bang" and "Present" seem to represent a timeline or a representation of a physical process over time—however, without context, it is not clear how this relates to the decision-making process for choosing a box containing gold.
Finally, without the necessary details, such as the content of the cards or the significance of the particle distribution probabilities, we cannot directly link these to the question of selecting a box containing gold.