Final answer:
Deontology is the ethical framework focused on duties and rules to determine moral rightness, without concerning the consequences of the actions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Policy making based on ethical grounds focuses on what is considered right or wrong, or good or bad in a moral sense. Among the options provided, deontology is the ethical framework that most centrally focuses on duties or rules to determine the rightness of actions, asserting that an action is right when it conforms to a morally right rule or duty. Unlike utilitarianism, which assesses actions by their consequences, or virtue ethics, which emphasizes character traits, deontology does not consider the outcomes of actions but rather whether they fulfill a duty or moral obligation.