Final answer:
The molecule with a glycerol backbone, two fatty acyl chains, and a phosphate group, without additional substitutions, is called phosphatidate.
Step-by-step explanation:
Without any additional substitutions beyond the phosphate and the two fatty acyl chains, the molecule is called phosphatidate (or diacylglycerol 3-phosphate). Phosphatidate is the precursor to other phospholipids. It is comprised of a glycerol backbone to which two fatty acids are attached on the first and second carbons, and a phosphate group is attached to the third carbon.
In the structure of a phospholipid, the fatty acids constitute the hydrophobic tails, while the phosphate group forms the hydrophilic head, making the molecule amphiphilic. Common modifications of phosphatidate lead to phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine, both of which are important components of plasma membranes.