Final answer:
The components needed to calculate the distance to a reflector using the range equation are the speed of sound and the time delay. Angles of reflection and incidence are not directly used for this calculation.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the distance to the reflector using the range equation, the necessary components are speed of sound and time delay. Neither the angle of reflection nor the angle of incidence is directly used in the calculation of range when using sound waves to determine the distance to a reflector. Instead, the speed of sound in the medium and the time it takes for the sound to travel to the reflector and back (time delay) are the critical factors. Using the known speed of sound and measuring the time delay, one can calculate the distance traveled by the sound waves, which is twice the distance to the reflector. This method is commonly used in sonar technology.