Final answer:
The Cannon-Bard theory posits that emotion and physiological arousal occur simultaneously and independently, with emotion not preceding arousal.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory of emotion that states that emotion typically occurs before arousal and behavior is the Cannon-Bard theory. According to this theory, when an emotion-evoking event occurs, we experience physiological arousal and the emotional experience simultaneously but independently. For example, upon encountering a venomous snake, you would feel fear at the same time your body initiates its fight or flight response, according to Cannon-Bard theory. This contrasts with the James-Lange theory, which suggests that we experience emotion as a result of physiological changes, and the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory, which incorporates both physiological arousal and a cognitive label to produce an emotion.