Final answer:
The solubility of solids generally increases with temperature, while the solubility of gases decreases as temperature rises. For gases, pressure also plays a significant role in solubility, following Henry's law.
Step-by-step explanation:
Effect of Temperature on the Solubility of Solids and Gases
The effect of temperature on the solubility of solids and gases in liquids is significant and varies differently for each state of matter. For solids, an increase in temperature usually leads to an increase in solubility, making more of the solid dissolve in the solvent. This relationship can sometimes be complex and not always directly proportionate, requiring a solubility curve for accurate representation.
On the other hand, the solubility of gases in liquids decreases with increasing temperature. Warming the solution provides energy that disrupts the attraction between gas molecules and the solvent, leading to the escape of gas molecules and a decrease in solubility. This is an exothermic process, and the release of heat during the dissolution of gases can be understood in comparison to the increase of vapor pressure with temperature.
Pressure also plays a role, particularly for gases, where Henry's law describes the relationship between pressure and gas solubility. This is particularly noticeable because unlike solids, the solubility of gases increases with the increase in pressure.