Final answer:
DNA replication is not a direct cellular effect during an inflammatory response; rather, it's part of cell division which is not involved in the immediate response to injury or infection characteristic of inflammation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The outcome that is not a direct cellular effect that occurs during an inflammatory response is c) DNA replication. During an inflammatory response, increased blood flow, edema (which is swelling), and phagocytosis (the process by which cells ingest and destroy pathogens) commonly occur. However, DNA replication is a process that occurs during cell division and is not directly involved in the inflammatory response, which is the body's immediate response to injury or infection.
Inflammation leads to several key outcomes, such as redness, which is caused by increased blood flow to the affected area. Heat and swelling are also cardinal signs of inflammation, but fever is a systemic, not a local, response and therefore not a cardinal sign of local inflammation. The inflammatory process is triggered by cytokines and histamines which cause capillaries to dilate and become more permeable thus allowing leukocytes and proteins to migrate into the tissues to deal with the pathogens or injury.