Final answer:
Phone and postal surveys, along with online surveys, are typical methods used to measure party identifiers, with companies like Gallup using random-digit-dialing to ensure representative samples.
Step-by-step explanation:
Which method is typically used to measure party identifiers? To ascertain party identifiers, researchers make use of various methods. Traditionally, methods like telephone and postal surveys have been prevalent, particularly those conducted by well-known organizations like Gallup, which sometimes employs random-digit-dialing (RDD) to generate phone numbers and ensure a representative sample, including those with unlisted and cellular numbers. However, online surveys have become increasingly utilitarian due to their convenience and ability to reach a broad audience. While exit polls are used on Election Day to gauge how individuals have voted, they are more focused on the act of voting itself rather than long-term party identification.