Final answer:
A therapist might propose that substance abuse and dependence are more likely to appear in families and environments where substance use is valued or accepted. Ecological systems theory suggests that different environmental systems, such as family, community, school, and cultural context, influence the development of substance abuse and dependence.
Step-by-step explanation:
A therapist might propose that substance abuse and dependence are more likely to appear in families and environments where substance use is valued or at...
The correct answer is d) Ecological systems theory.
Ecological systems theory, developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner, suggests that the development of an individual is influenced by interactions with different environmental systems. This theory considers the family system, community, school, and larger cultural context as factors that contribute to substance abuse and dependence. In families and environments where substance use is valued or accepted, individuals may be more likely to develop substance abuse and dependence issues.
For example, if a person grows up in a family where substance use is normalized and seen as a positive behavior, they may be more likely to engage in substance use themselves. Additionally, if the community and larger cultural context normalizes and values substance use, it can further contribute to the development of substance abuse and dependence.