Final answer:
The trace mineral important for the synthesis of thyroid hormones is iodine, which is vital for producing T3 and T4 in the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency can lead to health issues like goiter. Iodized salt is commonly used to ensure adequate iodine intake.
Step-by-step explanation:
The trace mineral important for the synthesis of thyroid hormones is iodine. Follicular cells of the thyroid gland require iodides, the anions of iodine, to synthesize two key hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Iodine is actively transported into the follicle cells from the diet, and this process is essential for the production of these hormones that regulate various physiological functions, including metabolic rate, growth, reproduction, and central and autonomic nervous system activities.
Iodine deficiency can have significant health implications, such as the development of goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland due to the overproduction of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) without adequate thyroid hormone formation. To prevent such deficiencies, table salt is often iodized, especially in regions where natural iodine intake may be low. Optimally, dietary iodine should come from a variety of sources, such as marine fish and shrimp, that are naturally high in this essential mineral.